Overview

Dental erosion is the irreversible loss of tooth structure from acid dissolution — without bacteria. Unlike decay, it is caused by dietary acids (carbonated drinks, energy drinks, citrus) or stomach acid from acid reflux (GERD). Enamel gradually thins, exposing softer dentine beneath. Erosion is increasingly common in Kuwait's younger population due to high consumption of energy drinks and carbonated beverages.

Symptoms

• Teeth appear shorter, rounder, or more yellow as dentine becomes visible
• Increased sensitivity to cold, sweet, and acidic foods
• Smooth, shiny, or cupped-out surfaces on teeth
• Fillings appearing raised above the surrounding tooth
• Chipping and cracking at the edges of front teeth

Causes & Risk Factors

• Frequent carbonated drinks, energy drinks, sports drinks, and citrus juices
• Acid reflux (GERD) — stomach acid washing over teeth
• Frequent vomiting: eating disorders, morning sickness
• Dry mouth: less saliva to neutralise acids
• Certain medications: vitamin C tablets, aspirin, iron tonics

Complications

• Severe sensitivity affecting eating and quality of life
• Extensive tooth height loss requiring full-mouth rehabilitation
• Pulp exposure in advanced cases requiring root canal treatment

Diagnosis

Clinical examination identifies characteristic patterns on different surfaces: palatal (acid reflux), buccal/labial (dietary). Your dentist identifies the cause and rate of erosion to guide prevention and restorative planning.

Treatment

• Remove the acid source: dietary change, treat GERD or eating disorder
• Fluoride varnish and remineralisation products to protect enamel
• Dental bonding for mild-moderate cases
• Veneers for front teeth; crowns or onlays for severely worn back teeth
• Full-mouth rehabilitation for advanced generalised erosion

Prevention

• Limit acidic and carbonated drinks; use a straw
• Rinse with water after acidic drinks — do not brush for 30 minutes
• Treat acid reflux (GERD) with your doctor
• Chew sugar-free gum to stimulate saliva; use fluoride toothpaste daily
• Regular check-ups to monitor and catch erosion early

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