Overview

Xerosis is the medical term for abnormally dry skin and is one of the most common dermatological complaints in Kuwait. The combination of extreme heat, intense air conditioning, low indoor humidity, and frequent handwashing makes it a year-round concern. Severe cases can lead to skin cracks, infections, and significant discomfort.

Symptoms

• Feeling of tightness in skin, especially after bathing
• Rough, scaly, or flaky patches; itching that can be intense
• Grey or ashy appearance on darker skin tones
• Deep bleeding fissures in severe cases

Causes & Risk Factors

• Prolonged air conditioning, hot showers, frequent washing, harsh soaps, low humidity — all common in Kuwait
• Ageing skin (produces less oil); medical conditions: hypothyroidism, diabetes, kidney disease

Complications

• Eczema flares triggered by xerosis
• Bacterial skin infections from skin cracking
• Significant impact on sleep quality in elderly patients

Diagnosis

Clinical diagnosis by skin appearance. Blood tests may rule out systemic causes (thyroid, glucose, kidney function) in adults with severe or new-onset dry skin.

Treatment

• Apply thick fragrance-free emollients immediately after bathing while skin is slightly damp
• Ointments (petroleum jelly) most effective; ceramide-based moisturisers restore barrier function
• Mild topical corticosteroids for itchy inflamed patches

Prevention

• Moisturise after every bath or shower; use lukewarm water and gentle soap-free cleansers
• Use a humidifier indoors during air-conditioned months in Kuwait
• Limit bath time to 10 minutes or less

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