Overview

Tinea is a group of common fungal skin infections caused by dermatophytes. Despite the name, no worms are involved. Named by body part: tinea corporis (body/ringworm), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea unguium (nails), tinea manuum (hand). Among the most common skin conditions in Kuwait, driven by hot humid weather and shared spaces like gyms and pools.

Symptoms

• Tinea corporis: red scaly ring-shaped rash with clear centre and raised edges
• Tinea pedis: itching, burning, peeling skin between toes; dry soles
• Tinea cruris: itchy red rash in groin and inner thighs
• Tinea unguium: thickened yellow crumbly nails

Causes & Risk Factors

• Dermatophyte fungi transmitted by direct contact, infected animals, contaminated surfaces
• Kuwait risk factors: hot humid climate, gym and pool use, sharing towels/shoes, diabetes

Complications

• Secondary bacterial infection from scratching; spread to other body areas or people
• Nail infections are chronic and very difficult to treat
• Severe infections in diabetic or immunocompromised patients

Diagnosis

Clinical exam: ring-shaped rash usually diagnostic. KOH microscopy of skin scrapings. Fungal culture identifies species. Nail clippings for onychomycosis.

Treatment

• Topical antifungals for skin: terbinafine cream (most effective), clotrimazole, miconazole, ketoconazole
• Apply 1-2 weeks beyond symptom clearing; complete the full course
• Oral antifungals for nail infections: terbinafine (6 weeks fingers, 12 toes), itraconazole, fluconazole

Prevention

• Keep skin clean and dry; dry feet thoroughly between toes after bathing
• Wear flip-flops in communal showers and pools — essential in Kuwait gyms and beach clubs
• Don't share towels, shoes, or nail clippers; if diabetic, inspect feet regularly

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