Overview

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition mainly affecting the scalp (dandruff), face (nose folds, eyebrows), ears, and chest. Not contagious or a sign of poor hygiene. In Kuwait, both hot humid summers and heavily air-conditioned winters can trigger flare-ups year-round.

Symptoms

• Flaking skin (dandruff) on scalp, hair, eyebrows, beard
• Patches of greasy skin covered with white or yellowish scales
• Red skin and itching; cradle cap in infants
• Facial involvement: T-zone and nose folds

Causes & Risk Factors

• Overgrowth of Malassezia yeast naturally present on skin
• Oily skin, stress, fatigue, and hormonal changes
• Immunocompromising conditions (HIV, Parkinson's)
• Cold dry weather or excessive air conditioning — both relevant in Kuwait

Complications

• Secondary bacterial or fungal infections
• Permanent hair loss in severe untreated cases
• Blepharitis (eyelid inflammation) when eyelids are affected

Diagnosis

Clinical diagnosis by appearance and distribution. Skin scraping under microscope or biopsy may be taken to rule out psoriasis or rosacea.

Treatment

• Scalp: medicated shampoos (zinc pyrithione, ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, coal tar) — leave 5 mins before rinsing, use 2–3x per week
• Face/body: topical antifungal creams, low-potency corticosteroids short-term, calcineurin inhibitors for maintenance

Prevention

• Wash hair regularly with appropriate shampoo; manage stress
• Avoid harsh fragranced products; shower after sweating in Kuwait's heat

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